ABCs of KMIntroduction to knowledge graphs

Introduction to knowledge graphs (part 3): Data graphs

This article introduces part 3 of the Introduction to knowledge graphs series of articles. Recent research has identified the development of knowledge graphs as an important aspect of artificial intelligence (AI) in knowledge management (KM).

In their comprehensive multi-author tutorial article1, Aidan Hogan and colleagues:

  • outline graph data models and the languages used to query and validate them
  • present deductive formalisms by which knowledge can be represented and entailed
  • describe inductive techniques by which additional knowledge can be extracted.

Hogan and colleagues’ article is summarised in parts 3, 4, and 5 of this series, beginning with data graphs in this part (part 3) as shown below. Additional information from other relevant reference sources has been added to some sections.

Tourism example

To keep the discussion accessible, Hogan and colleagues’ present concrete examples for a hypothetical knowledge graph, which are reproduced in the parts 3, 4, and 5 of this series.  This hypothetical knowledge graph relates to tourism in Chile, aiming to increase tourism in the country and promote new attractions in strategic areas through an online tourist information portal. The knowledge graph itself will eventually describe tourist attractions, cultural events, services, businesses, as well as cities and popular travel routes.

Part 3 – Data graphs

At the foundation of any knowledge graph is the principle of first modelling data as a graph. This part discusses a selection of popular graph-structured data models, languages used to query and validate graphs, as well as representations of context in graphs.

Section 3.1 – Models

Section 3.2 – Querying

Section 3.3 – Validation

Section 3.4 – Context

Next part: (section 3.1): Data graphs – Models.

Header image source: Crow Intelligence, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.

References:

  1. Hogan, A., Blomqvist, E., Cochez, M., d’Amato, C., Melo, G. D., Gutierrez, C., … & Zimmermann, A. (2021). Knowledge graphs. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 54(4), 1-37.

Bruce Boyes

Bruce Boyes is editor, lead writer, and a director of RealKM Magazine and winner of the International Knowledge Management Award 2025 (Individual Category). He is an experienced knowledge manager, environmental manager, project manager, communicator, and educator, and holds a Master of Environmental Management with Distinction and a Certificate of Technology (Electronics). His many career highlights include: establishing RealKM Magazine as an award-winning resource with more than 2,500 articles and 5 million reader views, leading the knowledge management (KM) community KM and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) initiative, using agile approaches to oversee the on time and under budget implementation of an award-winning $77.4 million recovery program for one of Australia's iconic river systems, leading a knowledge strategy process for Australia’s 56 natural resource management (NRM) regional organisations, pioneering collaborative learning and governance approaches to empower communities to sustainably manage landscapes and catchments in the face of complexity, being one of the first to join a new landmark aviation complexity initiative, initiating and teaching two new knowledge management subjects at Shanxi University in China, and writing numerous notable environmental strategies, reports, and other works.

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