Brain power

What are the benefits of workplace mindfulness training?

Mindfulness1 can be defined as the mental process of bringing one’s attention to experiences occurring in the present moment. It has its origins in eastern Buddhist religious traditions, and has now become a popular practice in the west where people are trained in mindfulness to help them manage a variety of psychological conditions.

Increasingly, mindfulness training is also being conducted in the workplace with the aim of facilitating better stress, mental health, wellbeing, and work performance outcomes. The desired work performance outcomes include improved organizational citizenship, leadership, and creativity.

But is this training beneficial? A recent systematic review and meta-analysis2 has sought to answer this question.

The authors reviewed randomised control trial (RCT) evidence using methods informed by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions3. The initial searches identified 473 articles. After removing duplicates, excluding irrelevant papers, and then screening for eligibility, 27 papers remained. The authors of eight studies were contacted and asked to provide supplementary information. Ultimately, 23 studies were found to have sufficient data for meta-analysis for at least one of the review outcomes.

Mixed results

From the findings of their systematic review and meta-analysis, the authors conclude that:

  • Workplace-delivered mindfulness training can cultivate employee mindfulness, reduce perceived stress, anxiety and psychological distress, and be beneficial for well-being and sleep quality. Effect sizes are in keeping with other well recognized stress-management interventions like relaxation and CBT [cognitive behavioral therapy].
  • The promise for enhanced work performance following mindfulness training is not yet supported by the evidence, and claims of improvements in organizational citizenship, leadership, deviance, safety or creativity cannot be defended at the present time with RCT evidence.
  • We recommend future studies use validated measures of performance for organizational and individual outcomes, conduct follow-up assessments, replicate interventions in different settings, and continue to explore effects for work sectors beyond education and health.

Header image: ‘Mindfulness’ Helps Soldiers Cope in Iraq. Army Maj. Victor Won and Army Lt. Col. Vincent Barnhart meditate during a 15-minute “mindfulness” session at U.S. Division Center headquarters in Baghdad, Aug. 2, 2010. U.S. Army photo by Spc. Daniel Schneider. Used in accordance with U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Public Use Notice of Limitations. The appearance of U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) visual information does not imply or constitute DoD endorsement.

References:

  1. Wikipedia,  CC BY-SA 3.0.
  2. Bartlett, L., Martin, A., Neil, A. L., Memish, K., Otahal, P., Kilpatrick, M., & Sanderson, K. (2019). A systematic review and meta-analysis of workplace mindfulness training randomized controlled trials. Journal of occupational health psychology, 24(1), 108.
  3. Higgins, J.P.T., & Green, S. (eds) (2011). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, Version 5.1.0, updated March 2011. The Cochrane Collaboration.

Also published on Medium.

Bruce Boyes

Bruce Boyes is a knowledge management (KM), environmental management, and education thought leader with more than 40 years of experience. As editor and lead writer of the award-winning RealKM Magazine, he has personally written more than 500 articles and published more than 2,000 articles overall, resulting in more than 2 million reader views. With a demonstrated ability to identify and implement innovative solutions to social and ecological complexity, Bruce has successfully completed more than 40 programs, projects, and initiatives including leading complex major programs. His many other career highlights include: leading the KM community KM and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) initiative, using agile approaches to oversee the on time and under budget implementation of an award-winning $77.4 million recovery program for one of Australia's most iconic river systems, leading a knowledge strategy process for Australia’s 56 natural resource management (NRM) regional organisations, pioneering collaborative learning and governance approaches to empower communities to sustainably manage landscapes and catchments in the face of complexity, being one of the first to join a new landmark aviation complexity initiative, initiating and teaching two new knowledge management subjects at Shanxi University in China, and writing numerous notable environmental strategies, reports, and other works. Bruce is currently a PhD candidate in the Knowledge, Technology and Innovation Group at Wageningen University and Research, and holds a Master of Environmental Management with Distinction and a Certificate of Technology (Electronics). As well as his work for RealKM Magazine, Bruce currently also teaches in the Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU) Certified High-school Pathway (CHP) program in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China.

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