Enjoy fast, free delivery, exclusive deals, and award-winning movies & TV shows with Prime
Try Prime
and start saving today with fast, free delivery
Amazon Prime includes:
Fast, FREE Delivery is available to Prime members. To join, select "Try Amazon Prime and start saving today with Fast, FREE Delivery" below the Add to Cart button.
Amazon Prime members enjoy:- Cardmembers earn 5% Back at Amazon.com with a Prime Credit Card.
- Unlimited Free Two-Day Delivery
- Streaming of thousands of movies and TV shows with limited ads on Prime Video.
- A Kindle book to borrow for free each month - with no due dates
- Listen to over 2 million songs and hundreds of playlists
- Unlimited photo storage with anywhere access
Important: Your credit card will NOT be charged when you start your free trial or if you cancel during the trial period. If you're happy with Amazon Prime, do nothing. At the end of the free trial, your membership will automatically upgrade to a monthly membership.
-57% $23.05$23.05
Ships from: Amazon Sold by: Take-N-Go
$8.99$8.99
Ships from: Amazon Sold by: Red Beard Books
Download the free Kindle app and start reading Kindle books instantly on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required.
Read instantly on your browser with Kindle for Web.
Using your mobile phone camera - scan the code below and download the Kindle app.
OK
Audible sample Sample
The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation 1st Edition
Purchase options and add-ons
The authors point out that there are two types of knowledge: explicit knowledge, contained in manuals and procedures, and tacit knowledge, learned only by experience, and communicated only indirectly, through metaphor and analogy. U.S. managers focus on explicit knowledge. The Japanese, on the other hand, focus on tacit knowledge. And this, the authors argue, is the key to their success--the Japanese have learned how to transform tacit into explicit knowledge.
To explain how this is done--and illuminate Japanese business practices as they do so--the authors range from Greek philosophy to Zen Buddhism, from classical economists to modern management gurus, illustrating the theory of organizational knowledge creation with case studies drawn from such firms as Honda, Canon, Matsushita, NEC, Nissan, 3M, GE, and even the U.S. Marines. For instance, using Matsushita's development of the Home Bakery (the world's first fully automated bread-baking machine for home use), they show how tacit knowledge can be converted to explicit knowledge: when the designers couldn't perfect the dough kneading mechanism, a software programmer apprenticed herself with the master baker at Osaka International Hotel, gained a tacit understanding of kneading, and then conveyed this information to the engineers. In addition, the authors show that, to create knowledge, the best management style is neither top-down nor bottom-up, but rather what they call "middle-up-down," in which the middle managers form a bridge between the ideals of top management and the chaotic realities of the frontline.
As we make the turn into the 21st century, a new society is emerging. Peter Drucker calls it the "knowledge society," one that is drastically different from the "industrial society," and one in which acquiring and applying knowledge will become key competitive factors. Nonaka and Takeuchi go a step further, arguing that creating knowledge will become the key to sustaining a competitive advantage in the future.
Because the competitive environment and customer preferences changes constantly, knowledge perishes quickly. With The Knowledge-Creating Company, managers have at their fingertips years of insight from Japanese firms that reveal how to create knowledge continuously, and how to exploit it to make successful new products, services, and systems.
- ISBN-100195092694
- ISBN-13978-0195092691
- Edition1st
- PublisherOxford University Press
- Publication dateMay 18, 1995
- LanguageEnglish
- Dimensions6.4 x 9.3 x 1.1 inches
- Print length304 pages
Frequently bought together
Customers who bought this item also bought
Editorial Reviews
From Library Journal
Copyright 1995 Reed Business Information, Inc.
Review
Book Description
From the Back Cover
About the Author
Product details
- Publisher : Oxford University Press; 1st edition (May 18, 1995)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 304 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0195092694
- ISBN-13 : 978-0195092691
- Item Weight : 1.35 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.4 x 9.3 x 1.1 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #776,668 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #440 in Information Management (Books)
- #1,332 in Business Decision Making
- #4,725 in Entrepreneurship (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the authors
Discover more of the author’s books, see similar authors, read author blogs and more
Discover more of the author’s books, see similar authors, read author blogs and more
Discover more of the author’s books, see similar authors, read author blogs and more
Customer reviews
Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them.
To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness.
Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon-
Top reviews
Top reviews from the United States
There was a problem filtering reviews right now. Please try again later.
Because project teams consist of members with varying functional specializations, the issue of learning was considered a key aspect of product development. The article focused on two dimensions of learning: across multiple levels (individual, group, and corporate) and across multiple functions. But although the authors devoted sections to cross-fertilization and transfer of learning, they didn't develop the epistemological dimension of learning, and their focus was more on the learning organization than on the knowledge-creating company. Japanese firms' reliance on trial and error and on learning by doing wasn't analyzed in terms of the prevalence of tacit knowledge and processes of organizational knowledge creation.
In their book, Nonaka and Takeuchi introduce a key distinction between two kinds of knowledge: explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge. Explicit knowledge can be expressed in words and numbers and shared in the form of data, scientific formulae, specifications, manuals, and the like. This kind of knowledge can be readily transmitted across individuals formally and systematically. Tacit knowledge, on the other hand, is highly personal and hard to formalize, making it difficult to communicate or share with others. Subjective insights, intuitions, and hunches fall into this category of knowledge. Difficult to verbalize, such tacit knowledge is deeply rooted in an individual's action and experience, as well as in the ideals, values, or emotions he or she embraces.
There are two dimensions to knowledge creation: epistemological and ontological. The epistemological level describes how knowledge is converted from one type into another through processes of socialization (from tacit knowledge to tacit knowledge), externalization (from tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge), combination (from explicit to explicit) and internalization (from explicit to tacit). The ontological level refers to the knowledge-creating entity: it includes individual, group, organizational, and interorganizational levels. A knowledge spiral emerges when the interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge is elevated dynamically from a lower ontological level to higher levels.
The authors believe that Japanese companies are especially good at realizing this exchange between tacit and explicit knowledge during the product development phase, and that there is a distinctively Japanese approach to knowledge creation. Epistemologically, Westerners tend to emphasize explicit knowledge and the Japanese tend to stress tacit knowledge. Ontologically, Westerners are more focused on individuals, while the Japanese are more group-oriented. These differences give rise to a wholly different view of the organization: not as a machine for processing information, but as a living organism. People in Japan emphasize the importance of learning from direct experience as well as through trial and error. Like a child learning to eat, walk, and talk, they learn with their minds and bodies. This tradition of emphasizing the oneness of body and mind has been a unique feature of Japanese thinking since the establishment of Zen Buddhism.
The Western philosophical tradition, culminating with Wittgenstein, stresses that "we cannot say what we cannot think". But through metaphors, analogies, and pictures, people put together what they know in new ways and begin to express what they know but cannot yet say. As Polanyi put it, "We can know more than we can tell". The concept of tacit knowledge focuses on highly subjective insights, intuitions, and hunches that are gained through practical experience. This messy knowledge can prove indispensable in elaborating new concepts. As the authors underscore, "Ambiguity can prove useful at times not only as a source of a new sense of direction, but also as a source of alternate meanings and a fresh way of thinking about things. In this respect, new knowledge is born out of chaos".
Another important contribution of this book is to highlight the importance of middle managers and the role they play in the knowledge-creation process. Middle managers serve as a bridge between the visionary ideals of the top and the often chaotic reality of everyday business. They synthesize the tacit knowledge of both front-line employees and senior executives, make it explicit, and incorporate it into new products and technologies. Their contribution points toward a model of management that is neither top-down nor bottom-up, but "middle-up-down". In this model, knowledge is engineered by middle managers, who are often leaders of a team or task force, through a spiral conversion process involving both the top and the front-line employees.
Coming from a rich research field that combines theoretical speculation and practical experience, this management book is unlike any other. In no other text you will find discussions on the philosophy of Descartes and Nishida juxtaposing figures depicting the mechanics of a disposable cartridge in a photocopier. The case studies are not just vignette illustrations reduced to their skeletal form, they are thick descriptions replete with technical specifications and biographical details of key participants. There are no laundry lists of implementable measures or mnemonics of keywords that conjure the image of an alphabet soup. Instead the theory is illustrated by rich diagrams and stories, emphasizing the role of pictures and metaphors in conveying knowledge in a non-verbal form. The Oxford University Press ought to be commended for bringing this volume, the first in a series, to the attention of a public that seldom gets management books worthy of a rereading.
Much more solidly based in real companies and real psychology than, say, excessively Hegelian approaches such as the 'social construction of reality' one or even 'ratomorphic behaviourists' who are surprised when they're bitten by theory rejection: the rats bite back, because their conscious minds reject being interpreted in terms of how lab rats behave!
Solid examples from dozens of case study investigations into Japanese companies!
And, whilst not as sound as an ontological approach, quite appropriate for the modern corporation, if not for the astrophysics research institute!
This book is outdated and not relevant to the way Japan is today. The authors use a lot of research and examples from the 80s and even the 70s. They make the claim that Japanese firms experienced a lot of success in the late 70s and 80s because of their superior ability to "create knowledge." They seem to be in complete denial that Japan's economic bubble had anything to do with this "success" that they are talking about. Also, the book was written over 10 years ago, before the financial crisis and before people realized that a lot of this so-called success was just cooked in the books by accountants.
They do give some reasonable examples of knowledge creating firms that are successful, but that's all they are, just a few examples and not an accurate representation of the whole picture of Japanese Management. Also, most of the examples are of Japanese manufacturing firms. What about the service sector? Suspiciously they did not use examples of companies from Japan's service sector, which are extremely inefficient and not the text book perfect examples of successful "knowledge creating" firms.
The theories and models in this book are a bunch of overly abstract vague pretentious academic nonsense. The real life examples are so nebulously related to the theories and models that most successful (or unsuccessful) companies can be used as examples.
If you want to read a bunch of nonsense based on old research with the names of Harvard professors and some philosophy thrown in to make the nonsense seem legit and intelligent, then by all means, read this book. But if you are like me and want to learn about Japanese management, don't waste your time or money on this book.
Top reviews from other countries
Reviewed in India on December 28, 2023
que puede ser de gran utilidad a gerentes y directores de empresas que buscan una ventaja competitiva. La creación, transmisión y conservación del conocimiento de la organización o corporación brinda esa ventaja competitiva.